Factors affecting the driving performance of four-wheel tractors
Traction Resistance
Traction resistance is the resistance that a tractor must overcome when driving agricultural machinery to perform work. It is equal to the traction force transmitted by the tractor to the agricultural machinery through the connection device. Since traction force equals driving force minus rolling resistance, increasing driving force and reducing rolling resistance are effective measures to enhance traction force.
Driving force
It is the horizontal reaction force exerted by the road surface on the drive wheels. Therefore, the magnitude of the driving torque Mk transmitted by the internal combustion engine through the transmission system to the drive wheels indicates that the tractor's driving force Pk is also greater. However, since Mk is determined by the power of the internal combustion engine, Pk is also limited by the power of the internal combustion engine. Additionally, Pk is constrained by soil conditions and cannot be increased indefinitely. When the soil's reaction force (i.e., driving force Pk) reaches a certain level, the soil is damaged, the drive wheels slip severely, and Pk can no longer increase. The maximum reaction force that soil can exert on the drive wheels is referred to as “adhesion.” As can be seen, the maximum value of driving force Pk is not only limited by the power of the internal combustion engine but also by the soil's adhesion, and cannot be increased indefinitely.
Adhesion
reflects the ability to generate the maximum driving force between the drive and the soil. Many factors influence adhesion, primarily related to ground conditions, tire pressure, size, tread pattern, and the magnitude of the vertical load acting on the tire. For tractors, under certain soil conditions, reducing tire pressure within a certain range, increasing the tire contact area, improving the wheel's grip on the soil, and increasing the wheel's adhesion weight all contribute to enhancing the tractor's adhesion. Low-pressure tires are widely adopted on tractors. Some tractors use wider tires, high-tread tires, and additional weights on the drive wheels, all of which are measures taken to increase traction and improve the tractor's pulling capacity. However, it should be noted that while adding counterweights to the drive wheels can increase traction, it also increases soil deformation in the vertical direction and rolling resistance. Therefore, whether to add counterweights should be determined based on specific usage conditions, weighing the overall effects to make an informed decision.
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